ABSTRACT
Aim: To investigate the precipitate formed from the interaction between 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (LA) with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles on root canal dentin, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and Methods: Sixty mandibular premolars were decoronated, and the root length standardised. The specimens were randomly distributed into the following groups: Group 1 (control): 2% LA mixed with sterile water without root canal instrumentation, Group 2: 2% LA with 2.5% NaOCl in water without root canal instrumentation, and Group 3: 2% LA with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles in water without root canal instrumentation. Teeth specimens were split and subjected to SEM analysis at cervical, middle, and apical root thirds. On observing precipitate formation in Group 2, 10 premolars were decoronated and treated with 2% LA and 2.5% NaOCl and subjected to root canal instrumentation. Results: Group 1 and Group 3 showed patent dentinal tubules and no precipitate formation. Group 2 showed precipitate blocking dentinal tubules in all the three sections, and the precipitate could not be removed completely after cleaning and shaping. Conclusion: NaOCl forms an insoluble precipitate on interaction with local anaesthetic solution that cannot be removed after chemo-mechanical preparation. Chitosan nanoparticles do not form any such precipitate and show patent dentinal tubules. Hence, chitosan can be used as a flushing irrigant.
Objetivo: Investigar el precipitado formado a partir de la interacción entre el clorhidrato de lidocaína al 2% con adrenalina (LA), el hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5% (NaOCl) y nanopartículas de quitosano al 0,2% en la dentina del conducto radicular, mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Material y Métodos: Se decoraron 60 premolares mandibulares y se estandarizó la longitud de la raíz. Los especímenes se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en los siguientes grupos: Grupo 1 (control): 2% la que fue mezclado con agua estéril sin instrumentación del conducto radicular, Grupo 2: 2% LA con 2,5% de NaOCl sin instrumentación del conducto radicular y Grupo 3: 2 % LA con 0,2% de nanopartículas de quitosano sin instrumentación del conducto radicular. Las muestras de dientes se dividieron y se sometieron a análisis SEM en los tercios radiculares cervical, medio y apical. Al observar la formación de precipitado en el Grupo 2, 10 premolares fueron decorados y tratados con LA al 2% y NaOCl al 2,5% y sometidos a instrumentación de conductos radiculares. Resultado: El Grupo 1 y el Grupo 3 mostraron túbulos dentinarios permeables y sin formación de precipitados. El grupo 2 mostró precipitado que bloqueaba los túbulos dentinarios en las tres secciones, y el precipitado no se pudo eliminar por completo después de limpieza y conformación. Conclusión: el NaOCl forma un precipitado insoluble al interactuar con la solución anestésica local que no se puede eliminar después de la preparación quimiomecánica. Las nanopartículas de quitosano no forman ningún precipitado de este tipo y muestran túbulos dentinarios permeables. Por lo tanto, el quitosano se puede utilizar como irrigante para el lavado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Root Canal Irrigants/chemical synthesis , Sodium Hypochlorite/chemical synthesis , Chitosan/chemical synthesis , Lidocaine/chemical synthesis , Bicuspid , In Vitro Techniques , Smear LayerABSTRACT
Local anaesthesia being the most commonly administered drug in dentistry has its prolonged action for up to 3 - 5 hours due to the addition of vasoconstrictors. The extended periods of soft tissue anaesthesia due to the addition of these vasoconstrictors can cause other problems while speaking, drinking, and eating during which there is a higher risk of experiencing self-inflicted injuries to the tongue and lips. Phentolamine mesylate is a drug which helps in the reversal of action of local anaesthesia. Hence, the objective of this study was to provide a basic knowledge about this drug to the patient and assess the interest of the patient in taking the drug when given a choice. METHODSA questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 200 patients who required the administration of inferior alveolar nerve block for their dental treatment. This questionnaire contained basic information about Phentolamine Mesylate drug along with six questions where the patient was asked as to whether or not he / she was willing to take this drug for reversal of the effect of local anaesthesia and specific reason for its usage. RESULTSAmong 200 patients, 122 patients wanted to reverse the effect of local anaesthesia by the use of the phentolamine mesylate drug. Amongst these patients, 93 wanted to take the drug orally initially and upon informing that the injection will be given in the previously anaesthetized area, 91 patients preferred to take an injection of the drug. CONCLUSIONSMajority of patients surveyed in this study wanted to reverse the effect of local anaesthesia by taking phentolamine mesylate drug. However, there is a need to increase the awareness of the type of drug used and the importance of administration of the same.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To analyze the relationship between dental caries, albumin in young adults between the age group of 20 to 30 years from South Canara district, Karnataka with varying caries experience as determined by their caries progression Methods and Materials: Eighty subjects from the outpatient department ranging between 20 to 30 years of age were screened and evaluated for their caries experience. Based on their level of caries a total of 80 subjects were selected and divided into four groups of 20 subjects each as follows; Group 1: enamel caries, Group 2: dentinal caries, Group 3: pulpal caries, Group 4: control group. The saliva was collected and analyzed for the presence of albumin levels in saliva and correlated to the same levels in serum. The statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA test. Results: According to the present study there is an increase in the levels of caries with decrease in the levels of albumin. Serum albumin levels were also found to be decreased in caries prone individuals, hence showing a significant correlation between serum and salivary albumin levels. Conclusions: In the present study we found an inverse relationship between the levels of albumin in saliva and dental caries confirming the importance of albumin levels in inhibiting caries progression. Besides a correlation was also found between the levels of albumin in saliva and serum. Hence it can be used as a biochemical indicator in evaluating the susceptibility of caries.
ABSTRACT
Bioceramics include ceramic materials specifically designed for use in medicine and dentistry. These materials are mainly alumina, zirconia, bioactive glass, glass ceramics, coatings, composites, hydroxyapatite and resorbable calcium phosphates. Dental applications include dental implants, in periodontal treatment, alveolar ridge augmentation, maxillofacial surgery, pulp capping and apexification. The use of alumina and zirconia can be seen for prosthetic devices although calcium phosphate based materials are used for filling bone defects. Bioceramics are biocompatible, non–toxic, do not shrink and are chemically stable within the biological environment. Bioceramic sealers allow the enhanced use of bioceramics. The future of bioceramics is very promising. Recently, bioceramic putty has been introduced for primary teeth along with other fast repair materials.